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環境友善石墨烯量子點於生物標定及環境檢測之應用 = Eco-friendly graphene quantum dots for biological labeling and environmental detection / 陳建銘.

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摘要註

石墨烯量子點（GQD）是一種光致發光（PL）奈米材料。GQDs表現出優異的螢光性能、化學穩定性、低毒性和生物相容性。在本研究中，我們採用簡單的分子融合途徑和溫和條件下的一步水熱法合成親水性的氫氧石墨烯量子點（OH-GQDs），其三種濃度氫氧化鈉合成之OH-GQDs 皆能均勻分散於水相中。從TEM、Raman以及XRD的分析檢測中也證實了使用三硝基芘（TNP） 提供碳源作為GQDs之骨架以及使用氫氧化鈉鹼性（NaOH）水溶液在控制尺寸、邊緣官能化（-OH）和光學性質方面發揮著至關重要的作用，並且在波長544 nm處發射出高強度的螢光。在生物顯影的應用方面，我們對革蘭氏陽性菌-金黃色葡萄球菌以及革蘭氏陰性菌-大腸桿菌進行3分鐘的快速標定，結果表示我們所製備的OH-GQDs表現出了優異的光穩定性和快速標定。我們也發現兩種細菌的結構差異造成螢光強度上的差異，因此也可以用於區分不同種類的細菌。在重金屬的檢測方面，銅離子在多次試驗中發生螢光猝滅的情況較其他二價重金屬（如：汞、鉛、鎂、鈣等）為明顯，呈現了優異的選擇性。在檢測銅離子（Cu2+）時，其檢測極限為9.75 ppb，並且在數次檢測平均後的到了不錯之線性回歸。在使用環境河水模擬重金屬於自然界中之檢測，得到了濃度為19 ppb之檢測極限。結果顯示，此高生物相容性之GQD非常適合用來作為生物螢光標定及水質重金屬檢測。. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a type of photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials. GQDs have demonstrated excellent fluorescence performance, chemical stability, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. In this study, we used three different concentrations of sodium hydroxide by simple molecular fusion route and one-step hydrothermal method under mild conditions to synthesize hydrophilic hydroxy graphene quantum dots (OH-GQDs). Specifically, TEM, Raman, and XRD analyses confirmed that the use of 1,3,6-trinitropyrene (TNP) as the carbon source for the GQDs framework and the modulation of reactant and dopant functional group types and ratios played a critical role in adjusting the size, functionalization, optical properties, resulting in strong emission at wavelength of 544 nm. Furthermore, OH-GQDs showed excellent photostability, biocompatibility, and rapid labeling (<3 minutes) when used for labeling gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus), and differentiated them by the labelling difference. In the detection of heavy metals, copper ions exhibited more significant fluorescence quenching compared to other divalent heavy metals (such as mercury, lead, magnesium, calcium, etc.), demonstrating excellent selectivity. In addition, GQDs performed limit of detection (LOD) of Cu2+ ion is lower than 9.75 ppb with the great linear calibration curve. Furthermore, LOD of Cu2+ ion in environmental river detection is lower than 19 ppb. In summary, the biocompatible GQDs in this study showed great potential for bio fluorescent labeling and the detection of heavy metal ion in water..

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